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Spearfishing is an ancient method of fishing that has been used throughout the world for millennia. Early civilizations were familiar with the custom of spearing fish from rivers and streams using sharpened sticks. Today modern spearfishing makes use of elastic powered spearguns and slings, or compressed gas pneumatic powered spearguns, to strike the hunted fish. Specialised techniques and equipment have been developed for various types of aquatic environments and target fish. Spearfishing may be done using free-diving, snorkelling, or scuba diving techniques. Spearfishing while using scuba equipment is illegal in some countries. The use of mechanically powered spearguns is also outlawed in some countries and jurisdictions. Spearfishing is highly selective, normally uses no bait and has no by-catch. ==History== Spearfishing with barbed poles (harpoons) was widespread in palaeolithic times.〔Guthrie, Dale Guthrie (2005) (''The Nature of Paleolithic Art.'' ) Page 298. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-31126-0〕 Cosquer cave in Southern France contains cave art over 16,000 years old, including drawings of seals which appear to have been harpooned. There are references to fishing with spears in ancient literature; though, in most cases, the descriptions do not go into detail. An early example from the Bible is in Job 41:7: ''Canst thou fill his () skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears?''. The Greek historian Polybius (''ca'' 203 BC–120 BC), in his Histories, describes hunting for swordfish by using a harpoon with a barbed and detachable head.〔Polybius, ("Fishing for Swordfish" ), ''Histories'' Book 34.3 (Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, translator). London, New York: Macmillan, 1889. Reprint Bloomington, 1962.〕 Greek author Oppian of Corycus wrote a major treatise on sea fishing, the ''Halieulica'' or ''Halieutika'', composed between 177 and 180. This is the earliest such work to have survived intact. Oppian describes various means of fishing including the use of spears and tridents. In a parody of fishing, a type of gladiator called retiarius carried a trident and a casting-net. He fought the murmillo, who carried a short sword and a helmet with the image of a fish on the front. Copper harpoons were known to the seafaring Harappans〔Ray 2003, page 93〕 well into antiquity.〔Allchin 1975, page 106〕 Early hunters in India include the Mincopie people, aboriginal inhabitants of India's Andaman and Nicobar islands, who have used harpoons with long cords for fishing since early times.〔Edgerton 2003, page 74〕 Image:Poseidon sculpture Copenhagen 2005.jpg|Poseidon/Neptune sculpture in Copenhagen Port Image:Astyanax vs Kalendio mosaic.jpg|Mosaic, 4th century BC, showing a retiarius or "net fighter", with a trident and cast net, fighting a secutor. Image:Trident fishing gallaeus.jpg|Dutch fishermen using tridents in the 17th century 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spearfishing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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